Realizing the potential of winter wheat varieties and economic efficiency of grain productionand high-quality seed material

N.I. Mamsirov

Abstract. Winter wheat is quite demanding of its predecessors. The content of productive moisture and nutrients in the soil, which determine the germination of seeds, growth processes and development of plants in the fall, successful overwintering and the yield of winter wheat, all largely depend on the previous crop. One of the prerequisites when planning the systematic placement of winter wheat crops is the exclusion of stubble and late-harvested predecessors. Their use as reserve predecessors is possible provided there is a good content of productive moisture in the soil at the time of sowing the seeds. During this period, there must be at least 25.0 mm of moisture in the soil layer at a depth of 20 cm, and winter wheat must be grown using intensive technology. The main goal was to conduct a comprehensive study aimed at improving the sowing qualities of winter soft wheat seeds. As a result of the research, it was found that one of the main ways to increase the yield and quality of winter wheat seeds is to grow the best zoned varieties, adapted to the specific agroclimatic conditions of the cultivation zone. The article analyzes domestic and foreign literature on the research topic, uses generally accepted methods and conducts field and laboratory experiments. To process the experimental data, dispersion analysis was carried out according to B.A. Dospehov. Based on research results, it has been established that optimal conditions for the growth and development of winter wheat are achieved by the predecessor soybean. Here, the Tanya, Grom and Kalym varieties provide the highest production profitability (grain/seeds – 81.8/119.5%; 78.8/93.4% and 74.3/93.8%, respectively). Peas for grain as a predecessor provide the maximum yield for the Grom variety of 6.51 t/ha, with a profitability of 77.9/85.0%, respectively. The maximum grain yield of winter wheat for the Grom and Kalym varieties was achieved according to the predecessor corn for silage and amounted to 6.08 and 6.02 t/ha, respectively. The highest production profitability was obtained in terms of the yield of quality seeds for the varieties Tanya (88.9 %) and Grom (77.4 %).

Keywords: winter wheat, ontogenesis, variety, sowing qualities of seeds, predecessor, soybean, peas for grain, corn for silage, crop structure, grain yield, seed yield, economic efficiency, profitability

For citation. Mamsirov N.I. Realizing the potential of winter wheat varieties and economic efficiency of grain production  and  high-quality  seed  material.  News  of  the  Kabardino-Balkarian  Scientific  Center  of  RAS.2024. Vol. 26. No. 2. Pp. 53–63.  DOI: 10.35330/1991-6639-2024-26-2-53-63