Potential of sunflower hybrids depending on soil cultivation and fertilizers

L.N. Thakushinova, N.I. Mamsirov

Abstract. Sunflower is the main oilseed crop of the Republic of Adygea. The use of promising hybrids and the choice of appropriate soil cultivation techniques as well as optimization of the plant nutrition system are especially important among the set of agro-technical measures used in its cultivation. In this regard, the introduction of mineral fertilizers along with topdressing at some stage of ontogenesis, allows to activate the growth of not only the root system, but also the aboveground mass of sunflower, and this entails an increase in seed yield. The main objective of the research is establishing the productivity level and seed quality indicators of promising sunflower hybrids in the conditions of the foothill zone of the Republic of Adygea, depending on the elements of their cultivation technology. Experimental studies on establishing the effect of primary soil cultivation methods (moldboard plowing – 25–27 cm and deep loosening – 35–40 cm), doses of nitrogen-phosphorus (N₃₀P₃₀) fertilizers and topdressing (oilseed Biostim, 1.0 l/ha and Ultramag Bor, 0.5 l/ha) on the productivity and quality indicators of sunflower hybrid seeds was carried out according to B.A. Dospekhov’s Methodology of Experimental Work. The repetition of an experiment was threefold, the accounting area was 50 m². The placing of options was systematic.   The seeding rate was 60 thousand pcs./ha. Winter wheat served as a predecessor. As a result of the research the most effective way to increase the yield and quality of sunflower seeds has been  established, namely, the cultivation of zoned hybrids (Sprint, Gorstar, Irene and Aris), that are maximally adapted to the agroclimatic conditions of the region. Optimal conditions for the successful growth and full development of sunflower hybrids have been determined. It has been established that optimal indicators are achieved against the background of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers with topdressing (N₃₀P₃₀+FF) by moldboard plowing, where the maximum yield achieved is an average of 3.0 t/ha for the Sprint hybrid. The difference in the yield depending on soil was marked at the level of 8.3 %. On average, according to the experiment, in the variants of primary soil cultivation, the oil content of seeds was at the level of 48.3 and 44.4 %, respectively.

Keywords: sunflower, deep loosening, oil seeds, oilseed Biostim, Ultramag Bor, moldboard plowing, fertilizer, yield

For citation. Thakushinova L.N., Mamsirov N.I. Potential of sunflower hybrids depending on soil cultivation and fertilizers. News of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of RAS. 2024. Vol. 26. No. 5. Pp. 237–248. DOI: 10.35330/1991-6639-2024-26-6-237-248